What happen c. 1500 BCE?

The fall of the Shang dynasty was much like that of the Xia dynasty, the last king was a cruel tyrant. Instead of the people overthrowing the king, he was killed by a king from a rival kingdom, the Chou kingdom. The Chou dynasty was part of the Shang kingdom; its civilization was a combination of the Shang culture and that of non-Chinese civilizations. And legend says that Shang Zhou, the last Shang king, committed suicide after his army was defeated by the Zhou people. Legends say that his army betrayed him by joining the Zhou rebels in a decisive battle that took place.

What happen during the c. 1500 BCE?

By about 1500 bce an important change began to occur in the northern half of the Indian subcontinent. The Indus civilization had declined by about 2000 bce (or perhaps as late as 1750 bce), and the stage was being set for a second and more lasting urbanization in the Ganges valley. The new areas of occupation were contiguous with and sometimes overlapping the core of the Harappan area. There was continuity of occupation in the Punjab and Gujarat, and a new thrust toward urbanization came from the migration of peoples from the Punjab into the Ganges valley.

Taken from : http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/285248/India/46841/From-c-1500-to-c-500-bce

Pictures taken from : http://www.harappa.com/har/har0.html

Generally recognized as the world's expert on the Indus script, this is a writting was wrote during the indus valley civilization, also known as one of the oldest writting founded. People wrote this to communicate, as they do not have a proper language like us now.

Occupation from the past.





Others make poetry for a living. People found lots of them in the ground, showing that alot people has worked as a poter last time.

In the past, some people work as drivers or farmers to make money. They use horses or pony to move around.

This is a photo about a fisherman casting his net, to catch the fishes in the sea.
It is very strenuous and tiring work that can take up to 60 to 90 minutes per net.

Three photos about the Indus Valley Civilisation.


Seated male figurine with hands raised from Harappa.

It is a type of male figurine sits with legs extended straight in front of the body and arms raised in front of the chest with hands clasped together, it is in a postion e of devotion or prayer. (Photograph by Richard H. Meadow)

33. Early Harappan zebu figurine with incised spots from Harappa.

Some of the Early Harappan zebu figurines were decorated. One example has incised oval spots. It is one of the oldest figure too, red in colour. They are usually found in the trash and rubbish bin. (Photograph by Richard H. Meadow)

1. A group of terracotta figurines from Harappa.

This is called the faceless civilization," three-dimensional representations of living beings in the Harappan world are confined to a few stone and bronze statues and some small objects crafted in faience, stone, and other materials - with one important exception. Ranging in size from slightly larger than a human thumb to almost 30 cm. (one foot) in height (Photograph by Georg Helmes)

Recap questions :

1. What are primary and secondary sources?

Primary - Primary sources are information provided by people who were involved in
historical events or who witnessed the events.

Secondary- Secondary sources are the records of people who did not
directly participate in or witness the events they describe.
These records are the results of the study and investigations of primary sources.

2. How do historians make sure that their sources are reliable?

They make sure their evidence is reliable by using the
three C's - Ccredibility, Consistency and Corroboration - test.

3. Why and when is it necessary for historians to revise their interpretations of past events?

New pieces of evidence are constantly being discovered so historians therefore have to revise their interpretations of past events.

They revise their interpretations of past events when there is new pieces of evidence are constantly being discovered.

HistoryHistoryHistory :D

History, Page 21.
1. Source A = Primary because a photograph has shown all the important evidence
of this particular problem.
Source B = Secondary because it is a record of people who did not directly participate
on or witness the events they describe.
Source C = Primary because they did saw what had happen during the problem.

2. They did not show the cause and consequences of the riot.